New hurdle in Comey case as Trump's Justice Department faces questions
about the grand jury process
[November 20, 2025]
By ERIC TUCKER and MICHAEL KUNZELMAN
ALEXANDRIA, Va. (AP) — The prosecution of former FBI Director James
Comey hit another hurdle Wednesday as the Justice Department encountered
mounting questions about how the case was presented to a grand jury for
indictment.
The development risked further imperiling a politically charged
prosecution already subject to multiple challenges and demands for its
dismissal. It came during a hearing in which Comey's lawyers asked U.S.
District Judge Michael Nachmanoff to throw out the case on grounds that
the government was being vindictive and as a separate challenge to
Lindsey Halligan, the hastily appointed and inexperienced prosecutor who
secured the indictment, is pending.
The Justice Department's acknowledgment under questioning from a judge
that the full grand jury did not review a copy of the final indictment
is the latest indication of its seemingly disjointed pursuit of a
criminal case against one of President Donald Trump's political enemies.
Comey was fired by Trump in May 2017 while overseeing an FBI
investigation into potential ties between Russia and Trump’s 2016
campaign. The two have been publicly at odds ever since, with Trump
deriding Comey as “a weak and untruthful slime ball” and calling for his
prosecution.
Concerns about the legal process came into focus earlier in the week
when a different judge in the case raised questions about what he said
were “profound investigative missteps,” including misstatements of law
to the grand jury. The Justice Department denies that the process was
tainted by irregularities.
A story of two indictments
Halligan initially asked the grand jury to return a three-count
indictment against Comey. But after the grand jurors rejected one of the
proposed counts, the Justice Department subsequently secured a second
two-count indictment that accused Comey of making a false statement and
obstructing Congress. Comey has pleaded not guilty and denied
wrongdoing.
In a blistering ruling Monday, U.S. Magistrate Judge William
Fitzpatrick, also handling parts of the case, said that after reviewing
a transcript of the grand jury proceedings, he had questions about
whether the full grand jury had reviewed the final two-count indictment
that was returned.
Nachmanoff, the trial judge, pressed the Justice Department about
Fitzpatrick's concerns during a court session Wednesday that chiefly
focused on Comey's vindictiveness arguments. After conferring privately
with Halligan, Tyler Lemons, one of the prosecutors, acknowledged that
the revised indictment was not shown to all of the grand jurors.
“I was not there, but that is my understanding, your honor,” Lemons
said.
Nachmanoff called Halligan to the lectern and asked her who was present
when the final indictment was presented to a magistrate. She said only
two grand jurors, including the foreperson, were there.
Comey lawyer Michael Dreeben called the government’s failure to present
the final indictment to the entire grand jury grounds for dismissing the
case. He also argued that the statute of limitations for the charged
crimes has elapsed without a valid indictment.
“That would be tantamount to a bar of further prosecution in this case,”
Dreeben said.
Nachmanoff did not issue an immediate decision, saying “the issues are
too weighty and too complex” for a bench ruling.
The Justice Department dismissed the import of the revelation in a pair
of Wednesday evening filings, saying that the two charges in the final
indictment were identical to the two counts the grand jury approved when
presented with the proposed indictment.
“Given that the grand jury was presented with the two counts on which it
voted to return an indictment and in fact voted upon those counts,”
prosecutors said, the case need not be dismissed.
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FBI Director James Comey gestures as he speaks on cyber security at
the first Boston Conference of Cyber Security at Boston College,
March 8, 2017, in Boston. (AP Photo/Stephan Savoia, File)
Claims of vindictiveness
Dreeben separately argued that the prosecution was improperly
vindictive and rooted in Trump’s quest for retribution,
circumstances requiring a dismissal.
“The president’s use of the Department of Justice to bring a
criminal prosecution against a vocal and prominent critic in order
to punish and deter those who would speak out against him violates
the Constitution,” Dreeben said.
Though vindictive prosecution motions are not often successful,
Comey’s lawyers have laid out a laundry list of verbal attacks from
Trump in hopes of establishing the case as an outgrowth of the
president's personal animus.
Trump amplified his long-running demands for a Comey prosecution
with a September social media post in which he complained to
Attorney General Pam Bondi about the lack of action against his
political opponents. “We can’t delay any longer, it’s killing our
reputation,” Trump wrote, adding that “JUSTICE MUST BE SERVED,
NOW!!!”
“If this is not a direction to prosecute,” Dreeben said in court,
“I’d really be at a loss to say what is.”
The night of that post, Trump said he would appoint Halligan, a
White House aide without prior prosecutorial experience, as U.S.
attorney for the Eastern District of Virginia, on an interim basis.
She replaced a veteran prosecutor who was effectively forced from
the job after not charging Comey or another Trump foe, New York
Attorney General Letitia James.
Halligan secured an indictment of Comey days later as the statute of
limitations on the case was about to expire. The charges are related
to sworn testimony about whether Comey had authorized an FBI
colleague to serve as an anonymous source to the news media.
Asked by Nachmanoff whether he considered Halligan to be a “stalking
horse” or “puppet” for the administration, Dreeben demurred and
opted against that characterization. But, he said, “She did what she
was told to do."
Presidents, Dreeben said, have other tools at their disposal to
punish critics, but bringing the full weight of the Justice
Department to bear is impermissible.
“The government cannot use power of criminal prosecutions to attempt
to silence a critic in violation of the First Amendment,” he said.
Lemons, the Justice Department prosecutor, insisted that Comey was
indicted by a “properly constituted” grand jury because he broke the
law — not because Trump ordered it.
“The defendant is not being put on trial for anything he said about
the president,” Lemons said.
Lemons said nobody directed Halligan to prosecute Comey or seek his
indictment.
“It was her decision and her decision only,” he added.
But Nachmanoff noted that Trump appointed Halligan just days before
she presented the Comey case to the grand jury.
“What independent evaluation could she have done in that time
period?” he asked Lemons.
Nachmanoff asked Lemons whether he has seen a “declination memo” in
which prosecutors had outlined reasons for not seeking an indictment
against Comey. Lemons said the department had instructed him not to
disclose that “privileged” information.
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