World creeps closer to eradicating human Guinea worm cases, with just 10
last year: Carter Center
[January 31, 2026]
By BILL BARROW
ATLANTA (AP) — There were only 10 reported cases of Guinea worm
infections confined to three countries in 2025, a historic low announced
Friday by The Carter Center.
The new mark comes barely a year after the death of former U.S.
President Jimmy Carter, who often said he hoped to outlive the Guinea
worm. When the former president's center launched an eradication program
in the mid-1980s, the parasite still afflicted millions of people in
developing countries.
“We think about President Carter's legacy” and his push to get to zero
cases, said Adam Weiss, director of the center's Guinea worm eradication
program, in an interview. “These might not be seen as the number one
problems in the world, but they are the number one problems for people
that suffer from these diseases. So we continue to charge ourselves with
his mission of alleviating as much pain and suffering as we can.”
In 2025, four human cases were reported in Chad, four in Ethiopia and
two in South Sudan. Animal infections still number in the hundreds,
declining in some countries but up slightly overall and making it harder
to predict when Guinea worm might be eradicated.
The 10 human cases mark a 33% decline from 15 cases reported in 2024.
Angola, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, and Mali reported zero
human cases for the second consecutive year.
Guinea worm would join smallpox as only the two human diseases to be
eradicated.
The worm is contracted by consuming water that contains larvae. It then
grows inside an infected person, reaching as much as a meter long and
the diameter of spaghetti. The worm then exits the person's body through
a blister, which causes intense pain.
Infections can spread when those who suffer from the condition sometimes
immerse themselves in water to ease symptoms — allowing the worm to
deposit larvae that can be consumed by others. The same cycle can happen
through land animal infections when they come to the water source.
Humans also can be infected by consuming fish or amphibious creatures
that have consumed larvae.
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Aid workers with the Carter Center work in the community to raise
awareness about Guinea worm and a family impacted in Jarweng, South
Sudan, on May 13, 2023. (AP Photo/Sam Mednick, file)
 The Carter Center's eradication
program has worked alongside government health ministries and other
organizations for decades to educate the public, train volunteers
and distribute water filters in affected areas.
There is no treatment for Guinea worm, though
infected people can take pain medication.
Weiss said the eradication program's next step is developing
diagnostic tests, especially for animals. Testing long before an
infected person or animal becomes symptomatic would allow behavioral
changes to minimize or eliminate the chances of them allowing more
larvae to enter a water source.
The Carter Center said Chad reported 147 animal infections in 2025,
a 47% drop for what was once the global epicenter of animal
infections. Cameroon reported 445, while Angola reported 70, Mali
17, South Sudan three and Ethiopia one.
Carter and his wife, Rosalynn, traveled extensively across the
affected countries with Carter Center staff who worked with the
World Health Organization, national health ministries and local
officials to build the coordinated eradication effort.
Weiss said the President Donald Trump's decision to leave the WHO
and pull back funding and U.S. involvement from a range of
international aid efforts has forced some logistical changes to the
center’s work on Guinea worm and in other areas. But, Weiss said, it
has not stopped the Guinea worm program at ground level.
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